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Common name
Chloromycetin (Chloramphenicol)
Description
Chloramphenicol is used in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria. It works by killing bacteria or preventing their growth.
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Active Ingredients:
Chloramphenicol
Therapeutic actions:
Chloramphenicol is bacteriostatic (that is, it stops bacterial growth). It functions by inhibiting peptidyl transferase activity of the bacterial ribosome, binding to A2451 and A2452 residues in the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing peptide bond formation. While chloramphenicol and the macrolide class of antibiotics both interact with the 50S ribosomal subunit, chloramphenicol is not a macrolide. Furthermore, their mechanisms are slightly different. While chloramphenicol directly interferes with substrate binding, macrolides sterically block the progression of the growing peptide.
What is it used for?:
Systemic:
• Bacteritic meningitis;
• Cephalopyosis;
• Generalized salmonellosis types;
• Enteric fever;
• Rickettsial diseases:
Q fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, spotted fever;
• Intra-abdominal infections;
• Small pelvis organs infectios;
• Gaseous gangrene;
• Plague; Local:
• Bacterial infections of the eyes.
Contraindications and cautions:
• Allergy to any ingredient in Chloramphenicol;
• previous serious side effects from Chloramphenicol;
• low white or red blood cell count or decreased blood platelets;
• a minor infection such as a cold, flu, throat infection, or using Chloramphenicol to prevent a bacterial infection;
• taking other medicines that may decrease bone marrow (eg, cancer chemotherapy).
Side effects:
Less serious: mild diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting.
Serious: severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); dark urine; depression; fever, chills, or sore throat; pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site; headache; symptoms of "gray syndrome" in an infant (swelling of the abdomen, pale or blue skin color, vomiting, shock, difficulty breathing, refusal to suck, loose green stools, limp muscles, low temperature); confusion;unusual bleeding or bruising; delirium;unusual tiredness; vision changes.
Interactions:
• side effects, including risk of bleeding, may be increased by anticoagulants (eg, warfarin);
• the actions and side effects of hydantoins (eg, phenytoin) or sulfonylureas (eg, glyburide) may be increased;
• the risk of serious side effects, such as low blood platelet levels and low white blood cell counts, may be increased by medicines that may decrease your bone marrow (eg, cancer chemotherapy).
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